Defines contracts for transactional and concurrent access to cached {@link EntityRegionAcessStrategy entity} and {@link CollectionAccessStrategy collection} data. Transactions pass in a timestamp indicating transaction start time which is then used to protect against concurrent access (exactly how that occurs is based on the actual access-strategy impl used). Two different implementation patterns are provided for.

• A transaction-aware cache implementation might be wrapped by a synchronous concurrency strategy, where updates to the cache are written to the cache inside the transaction.
• A non-transaction-aware cache would be wrapped by an asynchronous concurrency strategy, where items are merely "soft locked" during the transaction and then updated during the "after transaction completion" phase; the soft lock is not an actual lock on the database row - only upon the cached representation of the item.

Note that, for an asynchronous cache, cache invalidation must be a two step process (lock->release or lock->afterUpdate), since this is the only way to guarantee consistency with the database for a nontransactional cache implementation. For a synchronous cache, cache invalidation is a single step process (evict or update). Hence, this these contracts ({@link EntityRegionAcessStrategy} and {@link CollectionAccessStrategy}) define a three step process to cater for both models.

Note that query result caching does not go through an access strategy; those caches are managed directly against the underlying {@link org.hibernate.cache.QueryResultsRegion}.