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                                    <!-- there needs to be content in the cell for it to render in some clients --> 
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                                        <table class="page-title-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0"> 
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                                                    <td class="page-title-pattern-first-line " style="padding: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 10px"> <a href="https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Hibernate ORM</a> / <a href="https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-11778" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img src="cid:jira-generated-image-avatar-44d7156e-a0db-40d7-b6af-2cb6981eabac" height="16" width="16" border="0" align="absmiddle" alt="Bug" style="vertical-align: text-bottom"></a> <a href="https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-11778" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">HHH-11778</a> </td> 
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                                                    <th style="color: #707070; font: normal 14px/20px Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; padding: 2px 0">Change By:</th> 
                                                    <td style="padding: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font: normal 14px/20px Arial, sans-serif; padding: 2px 0 2px 5px; vertical-align: top"> <a class="user-hover" rel="lukas.eder" id="email_lukas.eder" href="https://hibernate.atlassian.net/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=lukas.eder" style="color:#6c797f;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Lukas Eder</a> </td> 
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                                                    <td class="text-paragraph-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 10px"> <span class="diffcontext">I have the following code snippet:<br><br>{</span> <span class="diffremovedchars" style="background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration:line-through;">{</span> <span class="diffaddedchars" style="background-color:#ddfade;">code:java}<br></span> <span class="diffcontext">CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();<br>CriteriaQuery&lt;String&gt; q = cb.createQuery(String.class);<br>Root&lt;JPABook&gt; from = q.from(JPABook.class);<br>q.select(cb.&lt;String&gt;selectCase()<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.when(cb.equal(from.get("title"), cb.literal("Animal Farm")), cb.literal("Animal Farm"))<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.otherwise(cb.nullLiteral(String.class)));<br>em.createQuery(q).getResultList();</span> <span class="diffaddedchars" style="background-color:#ddfade;"><br>{code</span> <span class="diffcontext">}</span> <span class="diffremovedchars" style="background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration:line-through;">}</span> <span class="diffcontext"><br><br></span> <span class="diffaddedchars" style="background-color:#ddfade;"><br></span> <span class="diffcontext">It generates this SQL string:<br><br>{</span> <span class="diffremovedchars" style="background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration:line-through;">{</span> <span class="diffaddedchars" style="background-color:#ddfade;">code:sql}<br></span> <span class="diffcontext">select case when jpabook0_.title=? then 'Animal Farm' else cast(null as varchar(255)) end as col_0_0_ from t_book jpabook0_</span> <span class="diffaddedchars" style="background-color:#ddfade;"><br>{code</span> <span class="diffcontext">}</span> <span class="diffremovedchars" style="background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration:line-through;">}</span> <span class="diffcontext"><br><br>As you can see, the literal in the CASE expression's predicate is sent to the server as a bind variable, whereas the literal in the THEN clause is sent as a literal.<br><br>I personally believe that the latter is correct because the intention of using {{CriteriaBuilder.literal()}} is for an actual literal to make it into the generated SQL string. Because if users wanted a parameter, they could have used {{CriteriaBuilder.parameter()}} instead. What's the point of {{literal()}} if it still generates a parameter.<br><br>I've already had this discussion with Vlad Mihalcea on Twitter:<br>https://twitter.com/lukaseder/status/869209243282530304<br><br>Even if you might not agree with the above, I think the behaviour of all {{CriteriaBuilder.literal()}} calls should be consistent, so:<br><br>- Either generate only actual literals in generated SQL (properly escaping them of course!)<br>- Or generate only bind variables in generated SQL<br><br>Side-note: try using a Java string containing an apostrophe instead in both places: {{"This isn't working"}} and see what happens...<br><br>Related issue: https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-9576</span> </td> 
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