org/hibernate/engine/jdbc/internal/JdbcCoordinatorImpl.class(242 line)

If set as @Transactional(timeout=1), the transaction timeout will fail unconditionally due to the current timeout checking logic. This is because the / (divide) operation is used.

When set as @Transactional(timeout=1),

(Timeout upper limit date and time - Transaction end date and time) / 1000

is always 0 (zero). Therefore, TransactionException is always caused by the following logic.

if (secondsRemaining <= 0) {
throw new TransactionException( "transaction timeout expired" );
}

I am considering this as a bug, so I suggest to fix the code as below.

if (secondsRemaining *<* 0) {
throw new TransactionException( "transaction timeout expired" );
}

If necessary, I will PR.