In latest versions of infinispan we can't configure cacheMode at something different to Configuration.CacheMode.LOCAL if transport is not set.
So with a custom configuration of infinispan (ie, if we not use /org/hibernate/cache/infinispan/builder/infinispan-configs.xml) in a none clustered environment (ie withount any transport configured) we must set all cacheMode to LOCAL.

Now take a look at org.hibernate.cache.infinispan.query.QueryResultsRegionImpl.QueryResultsRegionImpl(CacheAdapter, String, Properties, TransactionManager, RegionFactory) :

this.localOnly = cacheAdapter.isClusteredInvalidation();

isClusteredInvalidation return true if

cacheMode == Configuration.CacheMode.INVALIDATION_ASYNC || cacheMode == Configuration.CacheMode.INVALIDATION_SYNC

So in my case, this.localOnly is equal to false which cause error describe above.

If I modify

this.localOnly = cacheAdapter.isClusteredInvalidation();

to

this.localOnly = cacheAdapter.isClusteredInvalidation() || cacheAdapter.getCache().getConfiguration().getCacheMode() == Configuration.CacheMode.LOCAL;

all works fine and queryCache is able to run without any TimeoutException issue.

Tested with hibernate 4.1.7