When persisting ant entity Parent with a collection children mapped as all-delete-orphan set to null and then loading the same entity in a query results in:
org.hibernate.HibernateException: A collection with cascade="all-delete-orphan" was no longer referenced by the owning entity instance: org.hibernate.bugs.domain.Parent.children
var p = new Parent();
entityManager.persist(p);
for (var parent : entityManager.createQuery("from Parent", Parent.class).getResultList()) {
System.out.println(parent.getChildren());
}