Calvin, it turns out that the problem is your use of schema rather than catalog. MySQL/MariaDB do not support schemas, they support catalogs. I know it is confusing because the command line lets you say CREATE SCHEMA, but their docs are very clear that this is just a "synonym" for CREATE DATABASE. And the JDBC driver only supports catalogs. In fact their DatabaseMetaData returns false for all {{#supportsSchemasIn?} methods, and true for {{#supportsCatalogsIn?).

This may have been a change from older versions of Hibernate. TBH our support for catalogs and schemas (especially in schema tooling) had been dubious.

Anyway, we tested your test against MySQL using default_catalog instead, and it works.