JpaSchemaGenerator$ConnectionProviderJdbcConnectionAccess leaks connections when database is not accessed during the schema-generation process because JdbcConnectionContext.getJdbcConnection lazily fetches a connection reference and if this reference has not been fetched the connection release cycle will not be performed. For ProvidedJdbcConnectionAccess this means that auto-commit flag will not be reset (whic is usually done by the poll anyway), but for ConnectionProviderJdbcConnectionAccess it leaves a connection open.