Just an update... Adding in Referenceable (it already implements Serializable) to QueueProxy and TopicProxy fixed these errors and warnings.
I'm still having a heck of a time trying to get all of the appropriate configuration settings correct in standalone.xml or standalone-full.xml, but at least the resource adapter deploys successfully.
If anyone has an example configuration for JBoss for this resource adapter that they could share, it would go a very long way for me. Otherwise, if and when I get it working myself, I'll post it here. :)