Tags are essentially keywords. When you're about to post an item, like a blog post, document, or discussion, select or type in the keywords that come to mind in the Tags field. This will increase the search relevance of the item and help others find it in the future.
On many pages in the system you'll find a Tag Cloud that shows the most commonly used tags in that part of the community. You can click on any of the tags to find items that have been tagged with that word. You can even select multiple tags to narrow your search to items that have more than one tag applied.
Find out more.