[hibernate-commits] Hibernate SVN: r10866 - branches/Lucene_Integration/HibernateExt/metadata/doc/reference/en/modules
hibernate-commits at lists.jboss.org
hibernate-commits at lists.jboss.org
Thu Nov 23 17:41:31 EST 2006
Author: epbernard
Date: 2006-11-23 17:41:27 -0500 (Thu, 23 Nov 2006)
New Revision: 10866
Modified:
branches/Lucene_Integration/HibernateExt/metadata/doc/reference/en/modules/lucene.xml
Log:
Hibernate Search documentation
Modified: branches/Lucene_Integration/HibernateExt/metadata/doc/reference/en/modules/lucene.xml
===================================================================
--- branches/Lucene_Integration/HibernateExt/metadata/doc/reference/en/modules/lucene.xml 2006-11-23 22:30:01 UTC (rev 10865)
+++ branches/Lucene_Integration/HibernateExt/metadata/doc/reference/en/modules/lucene.xml 2006-11-23 22:41:27 UTC (rev 10866)
@@ -1,91 +1,63 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<chapter id="lucene" revision="1">
- <title>Hibernate Lucene Integration</title>
+<chapter id="lucene" revision="2">
+ <title>Hibernate Search: Apache <trademark>Lucene</trademark>
+ Integration</title>
- <para>Lucene is a high-performance Java search engine library available from
- the Apache Software Foundation. Hibernate Annotations includes a package of
- annotations that allows you to mark any domain model object as indexable and
- have Hibernate maintain a Lucene index of any instances persisted via
- Hibernate.</para>
+ <para><ulink url="http://lucene.apache.org">Apache Lucene</ulink> is a
+ high-performance Java search engine library available at the Apache Software
+ Foundation. Hibernate Annotations includes a package of annotations that
+ allows you to mark any domain model object as indexable and have Hibernate
+ maintain a Lucene index of any instances persisted via Hibernate. Apache
+ Lucene is also integrated with the Hibernate query facility.</para>
- <para>Hibernate Lucene is a work in progress and new features are cooking in
+ <para>Hibernate Search is a work in progress and new features are cooking in
this area. So expect some compatibility changes in subsequent
versions.</para>
- <section id="lucene-mapping">
- <title>Mapping the entities to the index</title>
+ <section id="lucene-architecture">
+ <title>Architecture</title>
- <para>First, we must declare a persistent class as indexable. This is done
- by annotating the class with <literal>@Indexed</literal>:</para>
+ <para>Hibernate Search is made of an indexing engine and an index search
+ engine. Both are backed by Apache Lucene.</para>
- <programlisting>@Entity
- at Indexed(index="indexes/essays")
-public class Essay {
- ...
-}</programlisting>
+ <para>When an entity is inserted, updated or removed to/from the database,
+ <productname>Hibernate Search</productname> will keep track of this event
+ (through the Hibernate event system) and schedule an index update. When
+ out of transaction, the update is executed right after the actual database
+ operation. It is however recommended, for both your database and Hibernate
+ Search, to execute your operation in a transaction (whether JDBC or JTA).
+ When in a transaction, the index update is schedule for the transaction
+ commit (and discarded in case of transaction rollback). You can think of
+ this as the regular (infamous) autocommit vs transactional behavior. From
+ a performance perspective, the <emphasis>in transaction</emphasis> mode is
+ recommended. All the index updates are handled for you without you having
+ to use the Apache Lucene APIs.</para>
- <para>The <literal>index</literal> attribute tells Hibernate what the
- lucene directory name is (usually a directory on your file system). If you
- wish to define a base directory for all lucene indexes, you can use the
- <literal>hibernate.lucene.default.indexDir</literal> property in your
- configuration file.</para>
+ <para>To interact with Apache Lucene indexes, Hibernate Search has the
+ notion of <classname>DirectoryProvider</classname>. A directory provider
+ will manage a given Lucene <classname>Directory</classname> type. You can
+ configure directory providers to adjust the directory target.</para>
- <para>Lucene indexes contain four kinds of fields:
- <emphasis>keyword</emphasis> fields, <emphasis>text</emphasis> fields,
- <emphasis>unstored</emphasis> fields and <emphasis>unindexed</emphasis>
- fields. Hibernate Annotations provides annotations to mark a property of
- an entity as one of the first three kinds of indexed fields.</para>
-
- <programlisting>@Entity
- at Indexed(index="indexes/essays")
-public class Essay {
- ...
-
- @Id
- @Keyword(id=true)
- public Long getId() { return id; }
-
- @Text(name="Abstract")
- public String getSummary() { return summary; }
-
- @Lob
- @Unstored
- public String getText() { return text; }
-
-}</programlisting>
-
- <para>These annotations define an index with three fields:
- <literal>id</literal>, <literal>Abstract</literal> and
- <literal>text</literal>. Note that by default the field name is
- decapitalized, following the JavaBean specification.</para>
-
- <para>Note: you <emphasis>must</emphasis> specify
- <literal>@Keyword(id=true)</literal> on the identifier property of your
- entity class.</para>
-
- <para>Lucene has the notion of <emphasis>boost factor</emphasis>. It's a
- way to give more weigth to a field or to an indexed element over an other
- during the indexation process. You can use <literal>@Boost</literal> at
- the field or the class level.</para>
-
- <para>The analyzer class used to index the elements is configurable
- through the <literal>hibernate.lucene.analyzer</literal> property. If none
- defined,
- <classname>org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer</classname>
- is used as the default.</para>
+ <para><productname>Hibernate Search</productname> can also use a Lucene
+ index to search an entity and return a (list of) managed entity saving you
+ from the tedious Object / Lucene Document mapping and low level Lucene
+ APIs. The application code use the unified
+ <classname>org.hibernate.Query</classname> API exactly the way a HQL or
+ native query would be done.</para>
</section>
<section id="lucene-configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<section id="lucene-configuration-directory">
- <title>directory configuration</title>
+ <title>Directory configuration</title>
- <para>Lucene has a notion of Directory where the index is stored. The
- Directory implementation can be customized but Lucene comes bundled with
- a file system and a full memory implementation. Hibernate Lucene has the
- notion of <literal>DirectoryProvider</literal> that handle the
- configuration and the initialization of the Lucene Directory.</para>
+ <para>Apache Lucene has a notion of Directory where the index is stored.
+ The Directory implementation can be customized but Lucene comes bundled
+ with a file system and a full memory implementation.
+ <productname>Hibernate Search</productname> has the notion of
+ <literal>DirectoryProvider</literal> that handle the configuration and
+ the initialization of the Lucene Directory.</para>
<table>
<title>List of built-in Directory Providers</title>
@@ -103,19 +75,19 @@
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry>org.hibernate.lucene.store.FSDirectoryProvider</entry>
+ <entry>org.hibernate.search.store.FSDirectoryProvider</entry>
<entry>File system based directory. The directory used will be
- <indexBase>/<<literal>@Index.name</literal>></entry>
+ <indexBase>/<<literal>@Indexed.name</literal>></entry>
<entry><literal>indexBase</literal>: Base directory</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>org.hibernate.lucene.store.RAMDirectoryProvider</entry>
+ <entry>org.hibernate.search.store.RAMDirectoryProvider</entry>
<entry>Memory based directory, the directory will be uniquely
- indentified by the <literal>@Index.name</literal>
+ indentified by the <literal>@Indexed.name</literal>
element</entry>
<entry>none</entry>
@@ -132,17 +104,17 @@
<para>Each indexed entity is associated to a Lucene index (an index can
be shared by several entities but this is not usually the case). You can
configure the index through properties prefixed by
- <literal><literal>hibernate.lucene.<indexname></literal></literal>.
+ <constant>hibernate.search.</constant><replaceable>indexname</replaceable>.
Default properties inherited to all indexes can be defined using the
- prefix hibernate.lucene.default.</para>
+ prefix <constant>hibernate.search.default.</constant></para>
<para>To define the directory provider of a given index, you use the
- <literal>hibernate.lucene.<indexname>.directory_provider</literal></para>
+ <constant>hibernate.search.<replaceable>indexname</replaceable>.directory_provider</constant></para>
- <programlisting>hibernate.lucene.default.directory_provider org.hibernate.lucene.store.FSDirectoryProvider
-hibernate.lucene.default.indexDir=/usr/lucene/indexes
+ <programlisting>hibernate.search.default.directory_provider org.hibernate.search.store.FSDirectoryProvider
+hibernate.search.default.indexDir=/usr/lucene/indexes
-hibernate.lucene.Rules.directory_provider org.hibernate.lucene.store.RAMDirectoryProvider
+hibernate.search.Rules.directory_provider org.hibernate.search.store.RAMDirectoryProvider
</programlisting>
<para>applied on</para>
@@ -162,32 +134,537 @@
and base directory, and overide those default later on on a per index
basis.</para>
- <para>Writing your own DirectoryProvider, you can benefit this
- configuration mechanism too.</para>
+ <para>Writing your own <classname>DirectoryProvider</classname>, you can
+ benefit this configuration mechanism too.</para>
</section>
- <section id="lucene-configuration-event">
+ <section id="lucene-configuration-event" revision="1">
<title>Enabling automatic indexing</title>
- <para>Finally, we enable the <literal>LuceneEventListener</literal> for
- the three Hibernate events that occur after changes are committed to the
+ <para>Finally, we enable the <literal>SearchEventListener</literal> for
+ the three Hibernate events that occur after changes are executed to the
database.</para>
<programlisting><hibernate-configuration>
...
- <event type="post-commit-update"
- <listener
- class="org.hibernate.lucene.event.LuceneEventListener"/>
+ <event type="post-update"
+ <listener class="org.hibernate.search.event.FullTextIndexEventListener"/>
</event>
- <event type="post-commit-insert"
- <listener
- class="org.hibernate.lucene.event.LuceneEventListener"/>
+ <event type="post-insert"
+ <listener class="org.hibernate.search.event.FullTextIndexEventListener"/>
</event>
- <event type="post-commit-delete"
- <listener
- class="org.hibernate.lucene.event.LuceneEventListener"/>
+ <event type="post-delete"
+ <listener class="org.hibernate.search.event.FullTextIndexEventListener"/>
</event>
</hibernate-configuration></programlisting>
</section>
</section>
+
+ <section id="lucene-mapping" revision="1">
+ <title>Mapping entities to the index structure</title>
+
+ <para>All the metadata information related to indexed entities is
+ described through some Java annotations. There is no need for xml mapping
+ files nor a list of indexed entities. The list is discovered at startup
+ time scanning the Hibernate mapped entities.</para>
+
+ <para>First, we must declare a persistent class as indexable. This is done
+ by annotating the class with <literal>@Indexed</literal> (all entities not
+ annotated with <literal>@Indexed</literal> will be ignored by the indexing
+ process):</para>
+
+ <programlisting>@Entity
+<emphasis role="bold">@Indexed(index="indexes/essays")</emphasis>
+public class Essay {
+ ...
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>The <literal>index</literal> attribute tells Hibernate what the
+ Lucene directory name is (usually a directory on your file system). If you
+ wish to define a base directory for all Lucene indexes, you can use the
+ <literal>hibernate.search.default.indexDir</literal> property in your
+ configuration file. Each entity instance will be represented by a Lucene
+ <classname>Document</classname> inside the given index (aka
+ Directory).</para>
+
+ <para>For each property (or attribute) of your entity, you have the
+ ability to describe how it will be indexed. The default (ie no annotation)
+ means that the property is completly ignored by the indexing process.
+ <literal>@Field</literal> does declare a property as indexed. When
+ indexing an element to a Lucene document you can specify how it is
+ indexed:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>name</literal>: describe under which name, the property
+ should be stored in the Lucene Document. The default value is the
+ property name (following the JavaBeans convention)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><literal>store</literal>: describe whether or not the property
+ is stored in the Lucene index. You can store the value
+ <literal>Store.YES</literal> (comsuming more space in the index),
+ store it in a compressed way <literal>Store.COMPRESS</literal> (this
+ does consume more CPU), or avoid any storage
+ <literal>Store.NO</literal> (this is the default value). When a
+ property is stored, you can retrieve it from the Lucene Document (note
+ that this is not related to whether the element is indexed or
+ not).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>index: describe how the element is indexed (ie the process used
+ to index the property and the type of information store). The
+ different values are <literal>Index.NO</literal> (no indexing, ie
+ cannot be found by a query), <literal>Index.TOKENIZED</literal> (use
+ an analyzer to process the property),
+ <literal>Index.UN_TOKENISED</literal> (no analyzer pre processing),
+ <literal>Index.NO_NORM</literal> (do not store the normalization
+ data).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>These attributes are part of the <literal>@Field</literal>
+ annotation.</para>
+
+ <para>Whether or not you want to store the data depends on how you wish to
+ use the index query result. As of today, for a pure <productname>Hibernate
+ Search</productname> usage, storing is not necessary. Whether or not you
+ want to tokenize a property or not depends on whether you wish to search
+ the element as is, or only normalized part of it. It make sense to
+ tokenize a text field, but it does not to do it for a date field (or an id
+ field).</para>
+
+ <para>Finally, the id property of an entity is a special property used by
+ <productname>Hibernate Search</productname> to ensure index unicity of a
+ given entity. By design, an id has to be stored and must not be tokenized.
+ To mark a property as index id, use the <literal>@DocumentId</literal>
+ annotation.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>@Entity
+ at Indexed(index="indexes/essays")
+public class Essay {
+ ...
+
+ @Id
+ <emphasis role="bold">@DocumentId</emphasis>
+ public Long getId() { return id; }
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">@Field(name="Abstract", index=Index.TOKENIZED, store=Store.YES)</emphasis>
+ public String getSummary() { return summary; }
+
+ @Lob
+ <emphasis role="bold">@Field(index=Index.TOKENIZED)</emphasis>
+ public String getText() { return text; }
+
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>These annotations define an index with three fields:
+ <literal>id</literal>, <literal>Abstract</literal> and
+ <literal>text</literal>. Note that by default the field name is
+ decapitalized, following the JavaBean specification.</para>
+
+ <para>Note: you <emphasis>must</emphasis> specify
+ <literal>@DocumentId</literal> on the identifier property of your entity
+ class.</para>
+
+ <para>Lucene has the notion of <emphasis>boost factor</emphasis>. It's a
+ way to give more weigth to a field or to an indexed element over an other
+ during the indexation process. You can use <literal>@Boost</literal> at
+ the field or the class level.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>@Entity
+ at Indexed(index="indexes/essays")
+<emphasis role="bold">@Boost(2)</emphasis>
+public class Essay {
+ ...
+
+ @Id
+ @DocumentId
+ public Long getId() { return id; }
+
+ @Field(name="Abstract", index=Index.TOKENIZED, store=Store.YES)
+ <emphasis role="bold">@Boost(2.5f)</emphasis>
+ public String getSummary() { return summary; }
+
+ @Lob
+ @Field(index=Index.TOKENIZED)
+ public String getText() { return text; }
+
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>In our example, Essay's probability to reach the top of the search
+ list will be multiplied by 2 and the summary field will be 2.5 more
+ important than the test field. Note that this explaination is actually
+ wrong, but it is simple and close enought to the reality. Please check the
+ Lucene documentation or the excellent <citetitle>Lucene In
+ Action</citetitle> from Otis Gospodnetic and Erik Hatcher.</para>
+
+ <para>The analyzer class used to index the elements is configurable
+ through the <literal>hibernate.search.analyzer</literal> property. If none
+ defined,
+ <classname>org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer</classname>
+ is used as the default.</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="lucene-bridge">
+ <title>Property/Field Bridge</title>
+
+ <para>All field of a full text index in Lucene have to be represented as
+ Strings. Ones Java properties have to be indexed in a String form. For
+ most of your properties, <productname>Hibernate Search</productname> does
+ the translation job for you thanks to a built-in set of bridges. In some
+ cases, though you need a fine grain control over the translation
+ process.</para>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Built-in bridges</title>
+
+ <para><literal>Hibernate Search</literal> comes bundled with a set of
+ built-in bridges between a Java property type and its full text
+ representation.</para>
+
+ <para><literal>Null</literal> elements are not indexed (Lucene does not
+ support null elements and it does not make much sense either)</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>null</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>null elements are not indexed. Lucene does not support null
+ elements and this does not make much sense either.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>java.lang.String</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>String are indexed as is</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>short, Short, integer, Integer, long, Long, float, Float,
+ double, Double, BigInteger, BigDecimal</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Numbers are converted in their String representation. Note
+ that numbers cannot be compared by Lucene (ie used in ranged
+ queries) out of the box: they have to be padded <footnote>
+ <para>Using a Range query is debattable and has drawbacks, an
+ alternative approach is to use a Filter query which will
+ filter the result query to the appropriate range.</para>
+
+ <para><productname>Hibernate Search</productname> will support
+ a padding mechanism</para>
+ </footnote></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>java.util.Date</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Dates are stored as yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS in GMT time
+ (200611072203012 for Nov 7th of 2006 4:03PM and 12ms EST). You
+ shouldn't really bother with the internal format. What is
+ important is that when using a DateRange Query, you should know
+ that the dates have to be expressed in GMT time.</para>
+
+ <para>Usually, storing the date up to the milisecond is not
+ necessary. <literal>@DateBridge</literal> defines the appropriate
+ resolution you are willing to store in the index
+ (<literal><literal>@DateBridge(resolution=Resolution.DAY)</literal></literal>).
+ The date pattern will then be truncated accordingly.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>@Entity @Indexed
+public class Meeting {
+ @Field(index=Index.UN_TOKENIZED)
+ <emphasis role="bold">@DateBridge(resolution=Resolution.MINUTE)</emphasis>
+ private Date date;
+ ...
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>A Date whose resolution is lower than
+ <literal>MILLISECOND</literal> cannot be a
+ <literal>@DocumentId</literal></para>
+ </warning>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para></para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Custom Bridge</title>
+
+ <para>It can happen that the built-in bridges of Hibernate Search does
+ not cover some of your property types, or that the String representation
+ used is not what you expect.</para>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>StringBridge</title>
+
+ <para>The simpliest custom solution is to give <productname>Hibernate
+ Search</productname> an implementation of your expected
+ <emphasis>object to String</emphasis> bridge. To do so you need to
+ implements the
+ <literal>org.hibernate.search.bridge.StringBridge</literal>
+ interface</para>
+
+ <programlisting>/**
+ * Padding Integer bridge.
+ * All numbers will be padded with 0 to match 5 digits
+ *
+ * @author Emmanuel Bernard
+ */
+public class PaddedIntegerBridge implements <emphasis role="bold">StringBridge</emphasis> {
+
+ private int PADDING = 5;
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">public String objectToString(Object object)</emphasis> {
+ String rawInteger = ( (Integer) object ).toString();
+ if (rawInteger.length() > PADDING) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Try to pad on a number too big" );
+ StringBuilder paddedInteger = new StringBuilder( );
+ for ( int padIndex = rawInteger.length() ; padIndex < PADDING ; padIndex++ ) {
+ paddedInteger.append('0');
+ }
+ return paddedInteger.append( rawInteger ).toString();
+ }
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Then any property or field can use this bridge thanks to the
+ <literal>@FieldBridge</literal> annotation</para>
+
+ <programlisting><emphasis role="bold">@FieldBridge(impl = PaddedIntegerBridge.class)</emphasis>
+private Integer length;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Parameters can be passed to the Bridge implementation making it
+ more flexible. The Bridge implementation implements a
+ <classname>ParameterizedBridge</classname> interface, and the
+ parameters are passed through the <literal>@FieldBridge</literal>
+ annotation.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>public class PaddedIntegerBridge implements StringBridge, <emphasis
+ role="bold">ParameterizedBridge</emphasis> {
+
+ public static String PADDING_PROPERTY = "padding";
+ private int padding = 5; //default
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">public void setParameterValues(Map parameters)</emphasis> {
+ Object padding = parameters.get( PADDING_PROPERTY );
+ if (padding != null) this.padding = (Integer) padding;
+ }
+
+ public String objectToString(Object object) {
+ String rawInteger = ( (Integer) object ).toString();
+ if (rawInteger.length() > padding) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Try to pad on a number too big" );
+ StringBuilder paddedInteger = new StringBuilder( );
+ for ( int padIndex = rawInteger.length() ; padIndex < padding ; padIndex++ ) {
+ paddedInteger.append('0');
+ }
+ return paddedInteger.append( rawInteger ).toString();
+ }
+}
+
+
+//property
+ at FieldBridge(impl = PaddedIntegerBridge.class,
+ <emphasis role="bold">params = @Parameter(name="padding", value="10")</emphasis> )
+private Integer length;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>The <classname>ParameterizedBridge</classname> interface can be
+ implemented by <classname>StringBridge</classname>,
+ <classname>TwoWayStringBridge</classname>,
+ <classname>FieldBridge</classname> implementations (see
+ bellow).</para>
+
+ <para>If you expect to use your bridge implementation on for an id
+ property (ie annotated with <literal>@DocumentId</literal>), you need
+ to use a slightly extended version of <literal>StringBridge</literal>
+ named <classname>TwoWayStringBridge</classname>. <literal>Hibernate
+ Search</literal> needs to read the string representation of the
+ identifier and generate the object out of it. There is not difference
+ in the way the <literal>@FieldBridge</literal> annotation is
+ used.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>public class PaddedIntegerBridge implements TwoWayStringBridge, ParameterizedBridge {
+
+ public static String PADDING_PROPERTY = "padding";
+ private int padding = 5; //default
+
+ public void setParameterValues(Map parameters) {
+ Object padding = parameters.get( PADDING_PROPERTY );
+ if (padding != null) this.padding = (Integer) padding;
+ }
+
+ public String objectToString(Object object) {
+ String rawInteger = ( (Integer) object ).toString();
+ if (rawInteger.length() > padding) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Try to pad on a number too big" );
+ StringBuilder paddedInteger = new StringBuilder( );
+ for ( int padIndex = rawInteger.length() ; padIndex < padding ; padIndex++ ) {
+ paddedInteger.append('0');
+ }
+ return paddedInteger.append( rawInteger ).toString();
+ }
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">public Object stringToObject(String stringValue)</emphasis> {
+ return new Integer(stringValue);
+ }
+}
+
+
+//id property
+ at DocumentId
+ at FieldBridge(impl = PaddedIntegerBridge.class,
+ params = @Parameter(name="padding", value="10") )
+private Integer id;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>It is critically important for the two-way process to be
+ idempotent (ie object = stringToObject( objectToString( object ) )
+ ).</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>FieldBridge</title>
+
+ <para>Some usecase requires more than a simple object to string
+ translation when mapping a property to a Lucene index. To give you
+ most of the flexibility you can also implement a bridge as a
+ <classname>FieldBridge</classname>. This interface give you a property
+ value and let you map it the way you want in your Lucene
+ <classname>Document</classname>.This interface is very similar in its
+ concept to the <productname>Hibernate</productname>
+ <classname>UserType</classname>.</para>
+
+ <para>You can for example store a given property in two different
+ document fields</para>
+
+ <programlisting>/**
+ * Store the date in 3 different field year, month, day
+ * to ease Range Query per year, month or day
+ * (eg get all the elements of december for the last 5 years)
+ *
+ * @author Emmanuel Bernard
+ */
+public class DateSplitBridge implements FieldBridge {
+ private final static TimeZone GMT = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">public void set(String name, Object value, Document document, Field.Store store, Field.Index index, Float boost) {</emphasis>
+ Date date = (Date) value;
+ Calendar cal = GregorianCalendar.getInstance( GMT );
+ cal.setTime( date );
+ int year = cal.get( Calendar.YEAR );
+ int month = cal.get( Calendar.MONTH ) + 1;
+ int day = cal.get( Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH );
+ //set year
+ Field field = new Field( name + ".year", String.valueOf(year), store, index );
+ if ( boost != null ) field.setBoost( boost );
+ document.add( field );
+ //set month and pad it if needed
+ field = new Field( name + ".month", month < 10 ? "0" : "" + String.valueOf(month), store, index );
+ if ( boost != null ) field.setBoost( boost );
+ document.add( field );
+ //set day and pad it if needed
+ field = new Field( name + ".day", day < 10 ? "0" : "" + String.valueOf(day), store, index );
+ if ( boost != null ) field.setBoost( boost );
+ document.add( field );
+ }
+}
+
+
+//property
+<emphasis role="bold">@FieldBridge(impl = DateSplitBridge.class)</emphasis>
+private Integer length;</programlisting>
+
+ <para></para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="lucene-query">
+ <title>Querying</title>
+
+ <para>The second most important capability of <productname>Hibernate
+ Search</productname> is the ability to execute a Lucene query and retrieve
+ entities managed by an Hibernate session, providing the power of Lucene
+ without living the Hibernate paradygm, and giving another dimension to the
+ Hibernate classic search mechanisms (HQL, Criteria query, native SQL
+ query).</para>
+
+ <para>To access the <productname>Hibernate Search</productname> querying
+ facilities, you have to use an Hibernate
+ <classname>FullTextSession</classname>. A SearchSession wrap an regular
+ <classname>org.hibernate.Session</classname> to provide query and indexing
+ capabilities.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
+...
+FullTextSession fullTextSession = Search.createFullTextSession(session);</programlisting>
+
+ <para>The search facility is built on native Lucene queries.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>org.apache.lucene.QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("title", new StopAnalyzer() );
+
+org.hibernate.lucene.search.Query luceneQuery = parser.parse( "summary:Festina Or brand:Seiko" );
+<emphasis role="bold">org.hibernate.Query fullTextQuery = fullTextSession.createFullTextQuery( luceneQuery );</emphasis>
+
+List result = fullTextQuery.list(); //return a list of managed objects</programlisting>
+
+ <para>The Hibernate query built on top of the Lucene query is a regular
+ <literal>org.hibernate.Query</literal>, you are is the same paradygm as
+ the other Hibernate query facilities (HQL, Native or Criteria). The
+ regular <literal>list()</literal>, <literal>uniqueResult()</literal>,
+ <literal>iterate()</literal> and <literal>scroll()</literal> can be
+ used.</para>
+
+ <para>If you expect a reasonnable result number and expect to work on all
+ of them, <methodname>list()</methodname> or
+ <methodname>uniqueResult()</methodname> are recommanded.
+ <methodname>list()</methodname> work best if the entity
+ <literal>batch-size</literal> is set up properly. Note that Hibernate
+ Seach has to process all Lucene Hits elements when using
+ <methodname>list()</methodname>, <methodname>uniqueResult()</methodname>
+ and <methodname>iterate()</methodname>. If you wish to minimize Lucene
+ document loading, <methodname>scroll()</methodname> is more appropriate,
+ Don't forget to close the <classname>ScrollableResults</classname> object
+ when you're done, since it keeps Lucene resources.</para>
+
+ <para>An efficient way to work with queries is to use pagination. The
+ pagination API is exactly the one available in
+ <classname>org.hibernate.Query</classname>:</para>
+
+ <programlisting><emphasis role="bold">org.hibernate.Query fullTextQuery = fullTextSession.createFullTextQuery( luceneQuery );</emphasis>
+fullTextQuery.setFirstResult(30);
+fullTextQuery.setMaxResult(20);
+fullTextQuery.list(); //will return a list of 20 elements starting from the 30th</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Only the relevant Lucene Documents are accessed.</para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="lucene-index">
+ <title>Indexing</title>
+
+ <para>It is sometimes useful to index an object event if this object is
+ not inserted nor updated to the database. This is especially true when you
+ want to build your index the first time. You can achieve that goal using
+ the <classname>FullTextSession</classname>.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>FullTextSession fullTextSession = Search.createFullTextSession(session);
+Transaction tx = fullTextSession.beginTransaction();
+for (Customer customer : customers) {
+ <emphasis role="bold">fullTextSession.index(customer);</emphasis>
+}
+tx.commit(); //index are written at commit time</programlisting>
+
+ <para>For maximum efficiency, Hibernate Search batch index operations
+ which and execute them at commit time (Note: you don't need to use
+ <classname>org.hibernate.Transaction</classname> in a JTA
+ environment).</para>
+ </section>
</chapter>
\ No newline at end of file
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