I've sent PR https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/pull/3228 for the above. There are no changes on Keycloak auth-server side, just the adapter is now able to retrieve the new realm public key always when new keypair for the realm was generated or uploaded. Summary of changes: * Adapters don't use our proprietary endpoint for retrieve realm public-key, but they instead use the OIDC standard jwks_url, which Keycloak server already publish. * The adapter option "realm-public-key" in keycloak.json is not recommended now and I removed it from examples and some tests. The reason is, that if you have hardcoded "realm-public-key" in keycloak.json, then your adapter will always use this public key and it won't try to download new public key in case that new keypair was generated for the realm. In other words, application will be unusable if realm public key is changed. Still this option is kept in case that someone really wants hardcoded public key and never to download it from auth-server. * If "realm-public-key" is not in keycloak.json (new recommended default behaviour), then adapter will always try to download new public key from realm when it sees the token with unknown "kid" in JWS header. So it's not just first request to the app (which we had until now), but always when new key is generated, adapter will download it. Adapter has support for store more public keys with different "kid", as this is needed for transition when tokens signed by both "old" and "new" key are sent to the REST app endpoint. There is plan to support more keypairs for the single realm too. * There is some minimum time between requests (10 seconds by default), so it's not possible to easily DoS in case that attacker will send lots of request to the app with bad "kid" or if lots of request singed by outdated "kid" happen. New adapter option added for it. I have still the docs to do and possibly also update quickstarts and remove "realm-public-key" from them? Next step is to implement something similar for clients and identityProviders. The JIRAS are https://issues.jboss.org/browse/KEYCLOAK-3493 and https://issues.jboss.org/browse/KEYCLOAK-3532 . So the keycloak server will be able to download new keypairs in case that keys under "jwks_url" of identityProvider (or client) are changed. That's for OIDC identityProviders and also for clients using authentication with singed JWT . It's needed for OIDC certification. Marek