Philipp Wandl ( https://hibernate.atlassian.net/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?accountId=712020%... ) *commented* on HHH-16864 ( https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-16864?atlOrigin=eyJpIjoiNDY0OD... ) Re: JPA Criteria queries do not conform to JPA spec when distinct=false ( https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-16864?atlOrigin=eyJpIjoiNDY0OD... ) I do agree that in most cases one would use a distinct query and the non-distinct behaviour is usually not what one wants to use. But still, if one decides to use distinct=false, it should work correctly and conform to the JPA specification, which explicitely states that no de-duplication is performed as quoted above. The most practical example where the current behaviour breaks applications i can give is the Spring Data JPA’s paging: E.g. for page size 10, a query with {{limit 10}}is executed. SQL will only deliver 10 results, where some might be duplicates. Now hibernate de-duplicates the result, returning a list with size < 10. Because the page is not full, Spring Data assumes that this is the last page and therefore delivers wrong pageCount/total numbers. If the page did not contain duplicates and 10 unique elements are found, a count query is executed using the same filters. Now this count obviously counts all rows, including duplicates and hibernate cannot perform de-duplication - it’s just a number after all. Instead of such weird behaviour, I’d rather have duplicates - which is also what i can expect and explain looking at the JPA spec and the plain SQL results. Additionally, I did not find a way to change the uniqueSemantic via JPA, only via hibernate specific APIs, so implementations which stick to JPA cannot turn off this behaviour. I did not yet test with other JPA implementations, however looking at the information you provided I assume this is a Hibernate specific implementation detail. ( https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-16864#add-comment?atlOrigin=ey... ) Add Comment ( https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-16864#add-comment?atlOrigin=ey... ) Get Jira notifications on your phone! Download the Jira Cloud app for Android ( https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.atlassian.android.jira.... ) or iOS ( https://itunes.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1006972087?pt=696495&ct=Em... ) This message was sent by Atlassian Jira (v1001.0.0-SNAPSHOT#100227- sha1:534ec1c )