All, I've raised a pull request to explicitly not require an implementation to support concurrent CDI instances. https://github.com/cdi-spec/cdi/pull/247 Please let me know your thoughts. I would have done it last week, but ran into some issues at the end. Sorry for the delay. In addition, I won't be able to attend next Tuesday's meeting. Please let me know if you were planning to discuss the change at the meeting. John