After the conversation with Clint, I went through and did yet another rev of BeanManager. * Removed the explicit type from addObserver() And, in view of the fact that SessionBean extends Bean<Object> * fixed some of the generic type declarations * Removed the getBeans() and getReference() methods which take a Class/TypeLiteral Any objections? -- Gavin King gavin.king(a)gmail.com http://in.relation.to/Bloggers/Gavin http://hibernate.org http://seamframework.org