Pete: Using @Proxy pointed to an the common ISubject interface does work. I will try to send a test case soon. Turning off the proxy also works. I do not have time to go into detail; however, look at the use of natural keys for the links for ManyToOne mappings. ProHibernate3 talks about it. Though only some discussion. This way the lazy-load of an object into a map can use the "natural key"-"machine-key" as key-value. Then lazy loading can load the object iff it has been selected and another transaction to the server occurs and the natural key can be displayed in selectItems as a <String, PK>. View the original post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=viewtopic&p=4096712#... Reply to the post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=posting&mode=reply&a...