It's strange. In our development environment, if JBOSS isn't running and we attempt to run a client, we get the following exception as soon as we try and Context.lookup(String name) where we are looking up a JMS connection factory: javax.naming.CommunicationException: Could not obtain connection to any of these urls: localhost:1099 and discovery failed with error: javax.naming.CommunicationException: Receive timed out [Root exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Receive timed out] [Root exception is javax.naming.CommunicationException: Failed to connect to server localhost:1099 [Root exception is javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException: Failed to connect to server localhost:1099 [Root exception is java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect]]] at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.checkRef(NamingContext.java:1399) at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:579) at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:572) at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:347) at test.SimpleJNDIClient.main(SimpleJNDIClient.java:26) Caused by: javax.naming.CommunicationException: Failed to connect to server localhost:1099 [Root exception is javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException: Failed to connect to server localhost:1099 [Root exception is java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect]] at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.getServer(NamingContext.java:254) at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.checkRef(NamingContext.java:1370) ... 4 more Caused by: javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException: Failed to connect to server localhost:1099 [Root exception is java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect] at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.getServer(NamingContext.java:228) ... 5 more Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.doConnect(PlainSocketImpl.java:305) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(PlainSocketImpl.java:171) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:158) at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:464) at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:414) at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:310) at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:212) at org.jnp.interfaces.TimedSocketFactory.createSocket(TimedSocketFactory.java:69) at org.jnp.interfaces.TimedSocketFactory.createSocket(TimedSocketFactory.java:62) at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.getServer(NamingContext.java:224) ... 5 more However, when we run the same code in our client's environment, even though JBOSS isn't running it seems to call some ha code that attempts to do the lookup anyway and fails. The exception, with the exact same code, is now: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: ConnectionFactory at org.jboss.ha.jndi.TreeHead.lookup(TreeHead.java:223) at org.jboss.ha.jndi.HAJNDI.lookup(HAJNDI.java:134) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor78.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585) at org.jboss.ha.framework.server.HARMIServerImpl.invoke(HARMIServerImpl.java:194) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor75.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585) at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:294) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:153) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:149) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:466) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:707) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595) at sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.exceptionReceivedFromServer(StreamRemoteCall.java:247) at sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.executeCall(StreamRemoteCall.java:223) at sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.invoke(UnicastRef.java:133) at org.jboss.ha.framework.server.HARMIServerImpl_Stub.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.jboss.ha.framework.interfaces.HARMIClient.invokeRemote(HARMIClient.java:153) at org.jboss.ha.framework.interfaces.HARMIClient.invoke(HARMIClient.java:238) at $Proxy0.lookup(Unknown Source) at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:610) at org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:572) at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:347) at test.SimpleJNDIClient.main(SimpleJNDIClient.java:26) We are very mystefied at what the difference might be? Can someone please illuminate us as to what might be going on? Thanks! View the original post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=viewtopic&p=4065112#... Reply to the post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=posting&mode=reply&a...