Here is how I create StatefulKnowledgeSession instances dynamically, while still leveraging Spring config: [...] <drools:ksession kbase="kBase" type="stateful" id="kSessionParent"> <drools:batch> <drools:set-global identifier="helper" ref="sessionHelper"/> </drools:batch> </drools:ksession> <bean id="kSession" scope="prototype" parent="kSessionParent"/> <bean id="knowledgeSessionGateway" class="com.acme.rules.CompositeKnowledgeSessionGateway"> <lookup-method name="createSession" bean="kSession"/> </bean> Read [1,2] for background on Spring method injection and how to use it to get a factory method for Spring-configured prototype beans without your code (here: CompositeKnowledgeSessionGateway) needing to be Spring-aware. Note that conceptually, kSessionParent is an abstract bean, but the "abstract" attribute does not seem to be supported on <drools:ksession>. Class CompositeKnowledgeSessionGateway has a protected StatefulKnowledgeSession createSession() { return null; } method (that could be abstract) that gets overridden in a Spring-generated subclass. Ref.: [1] http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-referen... [2] http://blog.springsource.com/2004/08/06/method-injection/ -Richard On Wed, Jan 11, 2012 at 4:37 PM, Hrumph <Herman.Post(a)imail.org&gt; wrote: