Hi, According to JPA specification, when using PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED: In addition to the behavior for PessimisticLockScope.NORMAL, element collections and relationships owned by the entity that are contained in join tables will be locked if the javax.persistence.lock.scope property is specified with a value of PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED. The state of entities referenced by such relationships will not be locked (unless those entities are explicitly locked). Locking such a relationship or element collection generally locks only the rows in the join table or collection table for that relationship or collection. This means that phantoms will be possible. So if I define the following Parent/Child associations:@Entity public class Post { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String name; @ElementCollection @JoinTable(name = "post_comments", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "post_id")) @OrderColumn(name = "comment_index") private List<Comment> comments = new ArrayList<Comment>(); @Version private int version; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public List<Comment> getComments() { return comments; } public final int getVersion() { return version; } public void addComment(Comment comment) { comments.add(comment); } } @Embeddable public class Comment { private String review; public String getReview() { return review; } public void setReview(String review) { this.review = review; } } Because a Post has a collection of Comment components, an EXTENDED lock request should lock the joined table rows as well, without locking the actual Comment row-level locks:Post post = entityManager.find(Post.class, parentId); entityManager.lock(post, LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, Collections.singletonMap("javax.persistence.lock.scope", (Object) PessimisticLockScope.EXTENDED)); return null; But the output SQL looks like this:Unable to find source-code formatter for language: shell. Available languages are: actionscript, html, java, javascript, none, sql, xhtml, xmlINFO [main]: n.t.d.l.CommonsQueryLoggingListener - Name:, Time:0, Num:1, Query:{[select post0_.id as id1_16_0_, post0_.name as name2_16_0_, post0_.version as version3_16_0_ from Post post0_ where post0_.id=?][1]} INFO [main]: n.t.d.l.CommonsQueryLoggingListener - Name:, Time:1, Num:1, Query:{[select id from Post where id =? and version =? for update][1,0]} So, only the root Entity was locked, when we should have locked the post_comments associated rows as well. Code available on GitHub. You have to run the HibernateCascadeLockComponentTest test. This issue is also described on JIRA: https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-9636 Vlad Mihalcea