I've found that under certain circumstances with Hibernate 3.6.10, a PersistentCollection's queuedOperations will be executed *prior* to the CollectionEntry::snapshot being taken. As a result, the snapshot includes the results of any queued operations. (Including transient items added by a SimpleAdd().) Is this the intended behavior? Can anyone point me to where I can do some more reading about the purpose of queued operations, and get a better sense of Hibernate's collection-handling architecture in general? I'm particularly interested in; CollectionEntry::postIniitialize() method vs. PersistentCollection::afterInitialize() method. Relationship between CollectionEntry and the PersistentCollection itself. PersistentCollection::endRead() method PersistCollection Queued Operations: (purpose, etc)