In the latest version of the adapter (HEAD), the non-transactional context is handled by the JCA adapter using Local JMS transactions which was added to support the case where a Bean managed or CMT Not Supported MDB throws a Runtime Exception. Here the JMS and EJB specs differ as to how this should be treated. We had a long thread about this awhile ago when we were trying to address issues with the JBoss beta we were trying to get out the door. Unfortunately, for this case (and many others) there is no 'correct' behavior as the spec is silent in this regard. Note the behavior in HEAD is a complete rewrite from the way we originally handled this. View the original post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=viewtopic&p=3999503#... Reply to the post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=posting&mode=reply&a...