I'm not implementing a TM, I'm implementing an heuristic resource with a local branch log. JMS is a remote resource. e.g. If a JBossMessaging server gets enlisted by a transaction manager on a machine that explodes and the log is lost then you need a mechanism to put the messages back in the queue. The exploded tm is never going to recover. :-) There are other reasons why the TM might not complete the transaction (e.g. network outage) and you need to get the messages processed even if it means an heuristic. Its the same issue as when you need to clear db locks when a server crashes holding the locks and it can't be recovered. View the original post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=viewtopic&p=3972279#... Reply to the post : http://www.jboss.com/index.html?module=bb&op=posting&mode=reply&a...